2.2.3. Statistical analysis

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Vowel duration (milliseconds) and formants F1 and F2 (Barks), respectively representing vowel height and backness/rounding, were measured for the recordings made, and compared with similar data collected for 20 American L1 speakers (10 males, 10 females) by Wang and Van Heuven (2006).1 Descriptive statistics (uni-dimensional means, standard deviations, bi-dimensional centroids and spreading ellipses) will be presented either in the body of the text or in appendices. Due to space limitations, we will not generally present inferential statistics in the present report. For full statistics we refer the reader to the first author’s dissertation (Afshar, 2022).
 
1 The authors are grateful to Prof. Wang Hongyan of Shenzhen University for making her acoustic vowel data available to us.
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