1.5 Machine translation, post-editing, and post-editing competence

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The translation and interpreting profession has changed profoundly in the past 10-20 years as machine translation (MT) and the post-editing (PE) of machine-translated text have become an everyday reality for many translators (ELIS Research, 2023, 2024, 2025). Personal consultations with a Hungarian translation agency in 2020 suggested that about 20% of their assignments involved post-editing in some form or another. International data indicate an even higher ratio (see below) and a steady growth. This change in the profession has led to the emergence of a new research field (post-editing competence), which has been thriving ever since.

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In this section, first, the birth and the rise of MT will be reviewed, then the European Language Industry Surveys 2023 and 2024 will be summarised, as they convey up-to-date information on the spread of MT and PE in the translation profession. This is followed by a description of two post-editing competence models and a synopsis of studies on components and skills that language professionals and agencies consider important in post-editing. Finally, the most important research studies on post-editing efficiency and background factors affecting it will be summarised.
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