Hungary has faced numerous health challenges related to animal and plant diseases over the years. Two of the most significant events that are discussed in this study are the outbreak of African Swine Fever (abbr. ASF) in livestock populations, which had a profound effect on the country’s animal health and healthcare administration, and the extensive spread of maize (corn) pests and fungal infections, which posed a major threat to plant protection efforts. This chapter will present two case studies detailing these critical events, focusing on their impacts on national healthcare and plant protection administrations.