Under the CPC, the court, the prosecutor or the investigating authority is not bound by the decision or the facts established in other proceedings, in particular in civil proceedings, misdemeanour proceedings or disciplinary proceedings, as to whether the accused has committed an offence and what kind of offence it was.1 The law therefore does not limit the “truth-seeking” activities of criminal courts, which may (re)examine the facts of the case in its entirety, irrespective of the decision taken in any other legal proceedings, and are not bound by the facts of the case or their legal classification in previous civil, misdemeanour or disciplinary decisions. It should be noted that decisions in civil proceedings are not bound by other decisions of public authorities or disciplinary decisions, but the civil court cannot (ex post) find that a person who has been convicted by a criminal court has not committed the offence charged.2